Le texte est consacré aux aspects essentiels de la théorie des démonstrations en logique mathématique et à ses ramifications contemporaines. La distinction établie par Kreisel entre théorie générale des démonstrations et théorie reductive des démonstrations est reprise et l'accent est mis sur la théorie reductive ou les sous-systèmes de l'analyse classique, en particulier l'induction transfinie. Le texte comporte une critique de la justification de l'induction transfinie de Takeuti et se termine par une liste des développements contemporains les plus significatifs en (...) théorie de la preuve.This article deals with the essential aspects and the contemporary developments of proof theory in mathematical logic. The distinction between general proof theory and reductive proof theory borrowed from Kreisel is used as the main axis of the paper, but the emphasis is on the reductive theory of classical analysis and transfinite induction. A foundational critique of Takeuti's justification of transfinite induction is offered and details on the most significant contemporary developments of proof theory close the article. (shrink)

Peter Abelard (1079–1142 ce) was the most wide‐ranging philosopher of the twelfth century. He quickly established himself as a leading teacher of logic in and near Paris shortly after 1100. After his affair with Heloise, and his subsequent castration, Abelard became a monk, but he returned to teaching in the Paris schools until 1140, when his work was condemned by a Church Council at Sens. His logical writings were based around discussion of the “Old Logic”: Porphyry's Isagoge, aristotle'S Categories and (...) On Interpretation and boethius'S textbook on topical inference. They comprise a freestanding Dialectica (“Logic”; probably c.1116), a set of commentaries (known as the Logica [Ingredientibus], c. 1119) and a later (c. 1125) commentary on the Isagoge (Logica Nostrorum Petititoni Sociorum or Glossulae). In a work Abelard called his Theologia, issued in three main versions (between 1120 and c.1134), he attempted a logical analysis of trinitarian relations and explored the philosophical problems surrounding God's claims to omnipotence and omniscience. The Collationes (“Debates,” also known as “Dialogue between a Christian, a Philosopher and a Jew”; probably c.1130) present a rational investigation into the nature of the highest good, in which the Christian and the Philosopher (who seems to be modeled on a philosopher of pagan antiquity) are remarkably in agreement. The unfinished Scito teipsum (“Know thyself,” also known as the “Ethics”; c.1138) analyses moral action. (shrink)

This article examines the research of Louis J. Mordell on the Diophantine equation y2-k=x3\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$y^2-k=x^3$$\end{document} as it appeared in one of his first papers, published in 1914. After presenting a number of elements relating to Mordell’s mathematical youth and his (problematic) writing, we analyze the 1914 paper by following the three approaches he developed therein, respectively, based on the quadratic reciprocity law, on ideal numbers, and on binary cubic forms. This analysis allows (...) us to describe many of the difficulties in reading and understanding Mordell’s proofs, difficulties which we make explicit and comment on in depth. (shrink)

Le problème de la formalisation de la logique hégélienne a fait l'objet récemment d'études d'inspiration et d'importance diverses. II y a d'abord le travail d'envergure de Gotthard Guenther sur le projet d'une logique non-aristotélicienne, le long article de Michael Kosok et la note de F. G. Asenjo.

Το αθηναϊκό ψήφισμα IG II² 778 + Β. D. Meritt, Hesperia 7 (1938), σ. 118-121, που χρονολογείται γύρω στα μέσα του 3ου αιώνα π.Χ. και με το οποίο τιμάται η πόλη της Λαμίας, δεν αναφέρεται σε δικαστές που ήλθαν από τη Λαμία, αλλά σε εκπροσώπους των Αθηναίων που στάλθηκαν στη Λαμία, την εκκλητον πόλιν, σύμφωνα με δικαστικό σύμβολον που συνήφθη με τους Βοιωτούς. Στο αθηναϊκό ψήφισμα του 109/8, που δημοσιεύτηκε από τον Y. Béquignon στο BCH 59 (1935), σ. 64-69, τιμώνται (...) δύο Λαρισαίοι δικαστές που ήλθαν στη Σικυώνα και την Αθήνα σύμφωνα με δικαστικό σύμβολον που συνήφθη μεταξύ των δύο πόλεων. Το δεύτερο αυτό ψήφισμα επανεκδίδεται, μεταφράζεται και σχολιάζεται, ενώ διατυπώνεται και μια υπόθεση που αφορά στην εξέλιξη των θεσμών. (shrink)

Ce livre est une présentation de la philosophie de saint Thomas d’Aquin en confrontation avec le défi de la modernité. L’A. est bien placé pour cet acte à deux effets : présenter la pensée de saint Thomas, car sa formation dominicaine et la fréquentation assidue du Docteur angélique l’y ont préparé ; la présenter au défi de la modernité, puisqu’il a écrit d’autres ouvrages : Questions de la modernité (Paris, Fac éditions, 1985), Histoire et connaissance (Fribourg, Éd. universitaires, 1997), s..

En 1789, la convocatoria de los Estados Generales despertó el entusiasmo del pueblo al convertir las “comunas” en el lugar de ejercicio de su soberanía, vinculándolo al sistema electoral de los agentes de confianza revocables. En 1793-1794, la guerra civil, liderada por la aristocracia de los ricos contra la cultura política popular, no pudo impedir ni la redistribución de tierras ni el programa de economía política popular. La República montagnarde de 1794, a pesar de su brevedad, aprobó una constitución comunal (...) basada en las relaciones de confianza entre el pueblo y sus mandatarios, que ha sido imposible olvidar. 1789, the Convocation of the Etats-generaux created a popular enthusiasm who transformed the communes in the place of the exercise of his sovereignty, bound with the electoral system of removable trustee. The civil war, leaded by the wealthy aristocracy against the popular political culture, was not able to prevent neither the redistribution of land property, nor the popular political economy programme, in 1793-94. The Montagnarde Commonwealth of 1794, however brief was its term, experimented a communal constitution, founded on trusteeship between the people and his mandatories, which will be never forgotten. (shrink)

Il s'agit, à partir d'une étude de la double typologie des sociétés chez Spencer, de montrer qu'il y a, dans sa pensée, pluralité de modèles théoriques mobilisés au service d'une conception sociologique qui passe, généralement, pour organiciste. On tente alors de faire apparaître l'existence d'un pôle individualiste et de réévaluer la portée de son organicisme. En même temps, l'on s'attache à souligner le caractère très relatif de son évolutionnisme.This is a study of Spencer's double typology of societies. The goal is (...) to show that Spencer put forward several theoretical models, within a sociological framework generally held to be organicist. The author brings out that one of the poles of this framework is individualistic. A reevaluation of Spencer's organicism follows, and his evolutionism is shown to be relative. (shrink)

Ce recueil comporte les traductions de textes classiques de Bolzano à Kronecker sur ce que Felix Klein a baptisé l’arithmétisation de l’analyse. L’auteure y a ajouté des commentaires introductifs d’ordre biographique et des notes explicatives à contenu technique et biblio-graphique. Ces commentaires et ces notes sont souvent utiles, mais on pourra sou-ligner leur manque de pertinence à l’occasion.

Il est plutôt rare qu’on rende compte dans une revue philosophique d’un manuel de physique théorique. Dans le cas du présent ouvrage, la chose n’est pas si incongrue puisque l’auteur, physicien québécois, n’est pas étranger aux questions philosophiques et s’est souvent mêlé des débats épistémologiques. En plus, son traité comporte plusieurs chapitres qui intéressent l’épistémologie de la physique tout en étant un manuel d’une envergure comparable aux classiques du genre en langue française, ceux de Cohen-Tannoudji, Messiah, Omnès ou Lévy-Leblond. On (...) y trouvera un exposé complet de l’appareil analytique de la mécanique quantique, des espaces de Hilbert de dimension finie à l’intégrale fonctionnelle de Feynman—avec quelques remarques sur la question délicate de la convergence, puisqu’on sait que l’intégrale de «chemins» n’a pas de justification mathématique «interne»—et au groupe de symétrie de l’hamiltonien pour la dynamique d’un système quantique dont l’évolution temporelle est décrite par l’équation de Schrödinger. Ces matières sont introduites avec force détails et le souci constant des applications, comme en témoigne le chapitre8 sur les solutions numériques et les méthodes d’approximation. Couvrant surtout la physique atomique et moléculaire sans aller jusqu’à la théorie des particules élémentaires et la théorie quantique des champs, l’ouvrage discute du problème de la mesure plus abondamment que le traité standard. C’est là d’ailleurs un des traits distinctifs de l’ouvrage et les chapitres6 sur l’interprétation de la mécanique quantique, 12sur l’opérateur densité et 21sur les corrélations à distance feront l’objet de mon analyse. (shrink)

Ce livre de M. Floucat fait suite à cet autre de lui-même, Pour une restau­ration du politique. Maritain l'intransigeant, de la Contre-Révolution à la démo­cratie (cf. RevSR., 2001, p. 262-264). Il en justifie le titre et en confirme les conclusions. YF. réfute l'idée qu'il y aurait deux Maritain, c'est-à-dire deux philosophies opposées du même auteur, avant et après la condamnation de l'Ac­tion française, position tenue par l'historien Philippe Chenaux et par le père Paul Valadier. Là contre..

La contribución de David Gauthier a la filosofía moral es poco conocida en nuestro país, a pesar de ser uno de los más novedosos y originales aportes que en materia de ética se han desarrollado en las últimas décadas en el ámbito norteamericano. El uso de la Teoría de la elección racional y de la teoría de los juegos hace que sus tesis morales contractualistas resulten muy interesantes a la luz del neocontractualismo. Algunos comentaristas han sostenido que desde la (...) Teoría de la justicia de John Rawls el contractualismo no volaba tan alto. En este trabajo se presenta de forma muy sintética la tesis de Gauthier, a la vez que se cuestiona la validez de su proyecto a la luz de sus posibilidades de aplicación práctica. (shrink)

Les usages que fait Hobbes de l’état de nature sont souvent mal compris par les philosophes anglo-américains contemporains, y compris par des commentateurs distingués comme Gauthier et Hampton. À la différence de Gauthier, je soutiens que Hobbes ne se soucie nullement de naturaliser le fondement de la motivation morale, et je conteste l’interprétation de Hampton qui considère que le contractualisme hobbesien a plus de pertinence pour nous aujourd’hui que le contractualisme kantien. Il existe certes des liens entre une (...) juste interprétation de Hobbes et la philosophie politique du XXe siècle, mais je suggère que ces derniers résident dans un usage déflationniste de la redescription. C’est dans cette perspective que je m’efforce de montrer qu’il existe une comparaison valide entre Hobbes et le philosophe britannique John Gray.Hobbes’s uses of the state of nature are often misunderstood by Anglo-American philosophers, even distinguished Hobbes commentators like Gauthier and Hampton. Contrary to Gauthier, I argue that Hobbes is not notably interested in naturalising the basis of moral motivation, and I dispute Hampton’s interpretation of the lasting value of Hobbesian as opposed to Kantian contractualism. There are connections between Hobbes as he ought to be understood and twentieth century political philosophy, but I suggest these lie in a certain use of deflationary redescription. In this respect Hobbes and John Gray are comparable, as I try to show. (shrink)

La contribución de David Gauthier a la filosofía moral es poco conocida en nuestro país, a pesar de ser uno de los más novedosos y originales aportes que en materia de ética se han desarrollado en las últimas décadas en el ámbito norteamericano. El uso de la Teoría de la elección racional y de la teoría de los juegos hace que sus tesis morales contractualistas resulten muy interesantes a la luz del neocontractualismo. Algunos comentaristas han sostenido que desde la (...) Teoría de la justicia de John Rawls el contractualismo no volaba tan alto. En este trabajo se presenta de forma muy sintética la tesis de Gauthier, a la vez que se cuestiona la validez de su proyecto a la luz de sus posibilidades de aplicación práctica. (shrink)

En el intento de defender una interpretación de la ética y la filosofía política de David Hume cercana al utilitarismo clásico, se interpone de un modo clave el llamado problema del “ Sensible Knave ” planteado por este autor al final de su obra más utilitarista, la Investigación sobre los Principios de la Moral . Según la interpretación clásica de este fragmento, la racionalidad utilitarista en el ámbito político colisionaría con la moral volviendo a ésta última inútil. Por tanto, en (...) el ámbito político la defensa de un utilitarismo moral sería una tarea autocontradictoria. Con el fin de mostrar que, primero, Hume no dice nada parecido a esto y, segundo, que incluso señala la forma de superar esta aparente contradicción entre moralidad y racionalidad, se analizan brevemente los argumentos de los que procede básicamente esta interpretación “antiutilitarista” estándar y se defiende una interpretación de la discusión humeana sobre el problema del aparente conflicto entre moralidad y racionalidad, o de los incentivos racionales para el comportamiento inmoral, que permite explicar mejor la posición de Hume sobre este problema. Finalmente, se propone una instancia de superación de la contradicción moralidad/racionalidad por medio de un utilitarismo de la regla atemperado centrado en la idea del “desarrollo progresivo de instituciones artificiales de refuerzo de la moralidad”, que el propio Hume sugeriría en otros lugares en los que aborda el tema de la contradicción aparente entre “morality” y “knavery”. Se proponen también posibles líneas de desarrollo futuro de esta idea, entre ellas su uso para aclarar la posible relación del pensamiento de David Hume con ciertas formas de liberalismo contemporáneo. (shrink)

In this paper, I shall argue that both cognitivism and liberal contractualism defend a pre-moral conception of human desire that has its origin in the Hobbesian and Humean tradition that both theories share. Moreover, the computational and syntactic themes in cognitive science support the notion, which Gauthier evidently shares, that the human mind – or, in Gauthier’s case, the mind of “economic man” – is a purely formal mechanism, characterized by logical and mathematical operations. I shall conclude that (...) a single conception of human behaviour runs through the various dominant psychological, moral and political theories of analytic inspiration. (shrink)

Apoyándose en la Teoría de la Elección Racional y en el contractualismo, Gauthier intenta derivar la moralidad como una restricción en la maximización de la utilidad justificada por la razón a partir de una situación y unos agentes moralmente neutrales. El mantenimiento de los acuerdos satisfactorios sería racionalmente justificable incluso en ausencia de restricciones externas. En este artículo analizamos la argumentación ofrecida por Gauthier en apoyo de su contractualismo moral y defendemos que, en determinadas situaciones, los acuerdos cuyo (...) cumplimiento apoya la razón son, siguiendo a Hobbes, los apoyados por restricciones externas. From Contractualism and the Theory of Rational Choice, Gauthier attempts to infer morality as a rationally justified restriction of utility maximization when considering a situation involving morally neutral agents. Even in absence of external constraints, satisfactory agreements should be kept for a purely rational justification. In this paper, we analyze the reasons offered by Gauthier in favor of a moral contractarianism and, following Hobbes, defend that in particular situations the agreements sustained by reason are those that are also sustained by external constraints. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una revisión del estado de la cuestión sobre el concepto de estado de naturaleza en el pensamiento de Thomas Hobbes. Dicha revisión permite articular una comprensión de la naturaleza humana, puesto que a diferencia del realismo político el estado de naturaleza en Hobbes no tiene un rol meramente hipotético. Precisamente, la idea de naturaleza humana articula una proto-moralidad que permite comprender la transición hacia el estado civil. Las investigaciones Kavka, Gauthier y Hampton (...) han construido una compleja compresión de la naturaleza humana, la cual permite entender cierto sustrato de proto-moralidad en el pensamiento hobbesiano. (shrink)

RésuméDuncan Macintosh a soutenu que l'idée d'une disposition à imposer des contraintes à la maximisation, qu'a défendue David Gauthier, fait face à un dilemme. Car si cette disposition est révocable, il n'est plus rationnel de s'y conformer quand vient le temps d'agir, et agir en conformité avec elle n'est done pas un comportement rationnel; mais si elle n'est pas révocable, agir en conformité avec elle n'est pas un comportement volontaire. Cet article se veut une réponse au dilemme de Macintosh. (...) Je recours pour cela à un type d'approche de l'intention rationnelle qui est — indépendamment — devenu de plus en plus saillant dans la littérature, et je soutiens que dans cette approche, une contrainte rationnelle et volontaire est possible. (shrink)

José Ortega y Gasset publicó en 1939, en la colección Austral, este ensayo filosófico que obtuvo una gran repercusión internacional en su día y sigue siendo en la actualidad una de las obras clave del pensamiento orteguiano. Esta edición conmemora los setenta años transcurridos desde entonces y ofrece la única edición autorizada y revisada personalmente por el autor.

Comme le suggère Jean-Pierre Dupuy dans son introduction générale, la recherche des cinquante dernières années a peut-être fait voler en éclats le concept d’une rationalité purement instrumentale qui n’aurait rien à voir avec le choix des fins. C’est la nature de l’interaction entre la dimension épistémique et les contraintes formelles du choix rationnel qui interdirait une séparation bien tranchée entre les moyens et les fins telle qu’on la trouve chez Hume ou Weber. Ainsi, nous dit Dupuy, «il n’est pas de (...) définition de l’adéquation des moyens aux fins qui n’engage toute une conception de la rationalité des fins elles-mêmes». Dans son essai qui ouvre le recueil et la section sur les paradoxes de la rationalité, Dupuy défend le raisonnement évidentialiste pour les problèmes de Newcomb avec cause commune contre ceux qui y trouvent l’octroi d’un pouvoir indu sur le passé. Pour ce faire, il met à l’œuvre une distinction entre deux types de temporalité, le temps de l’histoire et le temps du projet. Le premier type de temporalité est fixe et fermé par rapport à l’action libre. Mais ce qu’il appelle le temps du projet permet de penser une forme de «pouvoir contrefactuel sur le passé», un concept qu’il emprunte à Alvin Plantinga. Cette approche lui permet de formuler une position intermédiaire éclectique dans le débat principal qui oppose Michael Bratman et David Gauthier. (shrink)

This article aims to explore the attitudes and behaviors of persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities related to their information privacy when using information technology. Six persons with IDD were recruited to participate to a series of 3 semistructured focus groups. Data were analyzed following a hybrid thematic analysis approach. Only 2 participants reported using IT every day. However, they all perceived IT use benefits, such as an increased autonomy. Participants demonstrated awareness of privacy concerns, but not in situations involving (...) the use of technology; their awareness is not transferred to the abstract context of IT use. Privacy breaches were revealed to be a major risk for persons with IDD, who did not seem to understand how their personal information was used. Most protection mechanisms and tools reported were those suggested and implemented by caregivers and close relatives who had a great influence on the participants’ attitudes and behaviors toward IT and privacy. Our findings suggest that when using IT, persons with IDD often experience the consequences of a trade-off between autonomy and privacy. Further research and action is needed to support persons with IDD to understand and balance the benefits of IT use and the inherent threats to information privacy. (shrink)

This article aims to explore the attitudes and behaviors of persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) related to their information privacy when using information technology (IT). Six persons with IDD were recruited to participate to a series of 3 semistructured focus groups. Data were analyzed following a hybrid thematic analysis approach. Only 2 participants reported using IT every day. However, they all perceived IT use benefits, such as an increased autonomy. Participants demonstrated awareness of privacy concerns, but not in (...) situations involving the use of technology; their awareness is not transferred to the abstract context of IT use. Privacy breaches were revealed to be a major risk for persons with IDD, who did not seem to understand how their personal information was used. Most protection mechanisms and tools reported were those suggested and implemented by caregivers and close relatives who had a great influence on the participants’ attitudes and behaviors toward IT and privacy. Our findings suggest that when using IT, persons with IDD often experience the consequences of a trade-off between autonomy and privacy. Further research and action is needed to support persons with IDD to understand and balance the benefits of IT use and the inherent threats to information privacy. (shrink)

Qaside-i Khamriyya (meaning Wine Eulogy) of sufi poet Ibn-i Fārıḍ, in which he explained divine love through the metaphor of wine, attracted great attention in Islamic world and was translated into Arabic, Persian and Turkish. Scholars such as Davud-i Qayseri (d. 751 AH/1350 AD), Kemal Pashazāde (d. 940 AH/1534 AD), Abdulghani an-Nablusi (d. 1143 AH/1731 AD), Ibn Acibe (d. 1224 AH/1809 AD) explained this eulogy in Arabic, while poets such as Ali b. Shihābiddin al-Hamadāni (d. 786 AH/1385 AD), Molla Cāmi (...) (d. 898 AH/1492 AD), Idris-i Bitlisi (d. 926 AH/1520 AD) wrote commentaries in Persian. On the other hand, authors such as Abdussalam b. Numan b. Khalil (d. 1000 AH/1592 AD [?]), Ismail Anqaravi (d. 1041 AH/1631 AD), Abdulmacid-i Sivasi (d. 1049 AH/1639 AD), Qara Musṭafa Khulūsi (d. 1344 AH/1926 AD), Meḥmed Naẓım (d. 1345 AH/1926 AD) and Ṭahir al-Mavlavi (d. 1371 AH/1951 AD) translated the eulogy into Turkish. One of the authors who translators of this eulogy was Mehmed Said Efendi, sheikh of Uskudar Salimiya Takka, who lived in the 19th century. His work named Ṭarab-angiz (meaning Pleasure-provoking) is a condensed commentary with ornate prose of Qaside-i Khamriyya. In previous studies, Ṭarab-angiz was partly examined, and there was no mention about the identity and personality of the author. In the present research, the life and personality of Meḥmed Said Efendi is explained and the text of his work is examined.Summary: In Turkish literature which developed under the influence of Islam, translations and commentaries have important a place along with original texts. Coming within the sphere of Islam in early 10th century, Turks embarked on translating the texts immediately in order to learn their new religion and to perform its practices and continued to do so since then. Because they lived in the same culture and civilization climate, Turks learned Islam from Persians and were influenced by Persian language. However, adherents of this new religion also made direct translations from Arabic texts. The translations initially were made from religious works, but in time social, cultural and literary works, such as Persian classics and major eulogies of Arabic Literature, were also translated into Turkish by Turkish scholars. Qaside-i Burde by Ka‘b b. Zuheyr’in (d. 24 AH/645 AD), Qaside-i Nūniyye by Ebu’l-Fetḥ Busti’nin (d. 400 AH/1010 AD), Qaside-i Ṭanṭarāniyye by Ṭanṭarāni’nin (d. 485 AH/1092 AD), Qaside-i Münferice by Ibnu’n-Naḥvi’nin (d. 513 AH/1119 AD), Qaside-i Emāli by Ali b. Othman al-Ushi’nin (d. 575 AH/1179 AD) and famous eulogy named Qaside-i Bur’e by Muḥammed b. Said al-Buṣiri’nin (d. 695 AH/1296 AD) were among such works.Qaside-i Khamriyya by sufi poet Ibn-i Fārıḍ (d. 632 AH/1235 AD), also called sultan of minstrels, in which he explained divine love through wine attracted great attention in Islamic world and was translated into many languages and many commentaries were written on it. One of the commentary writers about this eulogy is Meḥmed Said Efendi, a 19th century sufi. His work entitled Ṭarab-angiz is a condensed commentary with ornate prose of Qaside-i Khamriyya.Studies conducted so far has partly dealt with the Ṭarab-angiz and identity and personality of Meḥmed Said Efendi have never been mentioned. Ṣarac mentioned, “It is a printed work but its writer, printing date, and the place was not found on the printed work”, while Yıldırım used the expression of “a work whose writer and production date is not known.” In his Ph. D. thesis entitled Translation and Commentary Tradition in Classical Turkish Literature in Anatolia, Ṣadık Yazar noted that the work belongs to Meḥmed Said, which was later cited by Aqdag. The final statement on this issue was made by İnce in his work entitled Arabic, Persian and Turkish commentaries of Qaside-i Khamriyya by Ibnu’l Fārıḍ. He examined a total of 18 commentaries and stated that no information is available about the life of Meḥmed Said although he mentioned Ṭarab-angiz.The birth date and place of Meḥmed Said Efendi are unknown. He is grandchild of Ali Behjet Efendi (d. 1238 AH/1823 AD), one of sheiks in Salimiya Dervish Lodge in Uskudar and son of Meḥmed Hidāyetullah Efendi (d. 1288 AH/1871 AD). Following the death of his father, Meḥmed Said Efendi himself served as the head dervish of this dervish lodge for 25 years and became a famous figure. He died in 1313 AH/1896 AD and was buried in the cemetery of the Salimiya Dervish Lodge.Meḥmed Said Efendi was the sixth sheikh of Salimiya Dervish Lodge. In many sources, he was mentioned as a venerable, righteous, devoutly religious, virtuous, polite and scholarly man. Meḥmed Said Efendi is thought to be a member of Mavlavi lodge of Naqshbandi Ṭariqa. He had successors such as Naqshi sheikh Uskudari Balabani Ḥasan Ḥusnu Efendi (d. 1347 AH/1928 AD) and Ismail Efendi (d. after 1307 AH/1890 AD). The poet had a commentary named Ṭarab-angiz in prose form and had a quatrain within the praising eulogy of Sheikh Ḥāmil Efendi (d. 1322 AH/1904 AD), head sheikh of Beylerbeyi Bedevi Dervish Lodge.It is clear from the expression, “A work by Meḥmed Said, the Imam of Central Dervish Lodge of Sultan Salim III,” at the beginning of Edition no: 450 in Suleymaniye Library, Pertev Pasha Collection and from the record of “Work: Ṭarab-angiz, Author: Ibnu’l-Fārıḍ, Translator and postscript writer: Meḥmed Said” in Edition no: 7350 of Marmara University Faculty of Theology Library that this work belongs to Sheikh Meḥmed Said Efendi. However, exact production date of this printed work is not known. The work consisted of 28 pages and in some editions a two-page correct-false chart was added.As usual, the work starts with an introduction section with expressions of “By the name of God, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful,” “Praise be to God,” and “Peace be upon Prophet Moḥammad.” This section also includes a praise for followers of Prophet Moḥammad, “Who made sphere of prophecy an eternal rose garden through the holy light of their enjoyed manners in addition to making the Shari’a candle shined and and converting them to great flowers of service with their strong inspiration torchs.” The commentator then embarked on praising Qaside-i Khamriyya, mentioning that the men of ability became helpless in explaination of beauty, charm and freshness of unique expression richness and refined allegory blossoms of the eulogy and that reaching the shore of rhetoric could be possible through diving into the guided wisdom of sea. In fact, according to commentator, the men of literature should be aware of the difficulty of translating this unique eulogy into Turkish language. However, everyone should dive into the sea of insight as a knowledge diver, collect its share in pearls of utterance and in emeralds of wits, arrange and put them in the string of prose”. Therefore, he wrote the commentary about the eulogy as a service to humanity and as a contribution to his own stock of comfort in the present and afterlife as much as he could, no matter how little it could be, and named it Ṭarab-angiz. Like most commentators of Qaside-i Khamriyya, Meḥmed Said Efendi commented on only about 33 couplets of the eulogy which contained a total of 41 couplets, and did not cover couplets from 23 to 30 in his work. The commentator used couplet-by- couplet translation method and started with praising for Ibn-i Fārıḍ and his couplets. Then, he gives the Arabic originals of the couplets and starts commentary with the expressions such as “couplets of great intuition, imagery couplets, product of couplet, enlightenment of couplet and concept of couplet.” In preface section of the work, the commentator, who usually quoted hadith texts in Arabic and poems, does not use them in his commentary. He only uses some lines of Arabic prayers and a quatrain of Molla Cāmi (d. 898 AH/1492 AD). This is a quatrain rubāi in Persian language meaning that “If you want no sorrow and no grief of the destiny, drink wine in a pub, because swirling of the goblet and worries of the world do not share the same place just as the tune and the sorrow do not coincide.” The lack of touching on the meaning of words, etymological structure and grammar rules in couplets makes it different from others, except the translation of Aḥmed Ṣāfi Bey. (shrink)

In the context of solving large distributed constraint optimization problems, belief-propagation and incomplete inference algorithms are candidates of choice. However, in general, when the problem structure is very cyclic, these solution methods suffer from bad performance, due to non-convergence and many exchanged messages. As to improve performances of the MaxSum inference algorithm when solving cyclic constraint optimization problems, we propose here to take inspiration from the belief-propagation-guided decimation used to solve sparse random graphs. We propose the novel DeciMaxSum method, which (...) is parameterized in terms of policies to decide when to trigger decimation, which variables to decimate and which values to assign to decimated variables. Based on an empirical evaluation on a classical constraint optimization benchmarks, some of these combinations of policies, using periodic decimation, cycle detection-based decimation, parallel and non parallel decimation, random or deterministic variable selection and deterministic or random sampling for value selection, outperform state-of-the-art competitors in many settings. (shrink)

This study explores the effect of individuation training on the acquisition of race-specific expertise. First, we investigated whether practice individuating other-race faces yields improvement in perceptual discrimination for novel faces of that race. Second, we asked whether there was similar improvement for novel faces of a different race for which participants received equal practice, but in an orthogonal task that did not require individuation. Caucasian participants were trained to individuate faces of one race (African American or Hispanic) and to make (...) difficult eye-luminance judgments on faces of the other race. By equating these tasks we are able to rule out raw experience, visual attention, or performance/success-induced positivity as the critical factors that produce race-specific improvements. These results indicate that individuation practice is one mechanism through which cognitive, perceptual, and/or social processes promote growth of the own-race face recognition advantage. (shrink)

Ce recueil réunit des articles qui s'interrogent, depuis un ensemble de perspectives philosophiques des plus diverses, sur le rapport entre nature et éthique.